Bæredygtig mobilitet i København med udgangspunkt i ITS / Sustainable mobility in Copenhagen enabled by ITS

As with many growing cities in the World, Copenhagen has to cope with a growing population and corresponding growing traffic demand. What is the Copenhagen way to deal with the challenges in urban mobility that comes with this growth? The first answer is concretized in a clear political goal (CO2 neutral in 2025). The second answer is formulated in a new political vision titled Community Copenhagen. The vision is an open invitation to all who use the city to build on 'a living and vibrant city', 'a city with edge' and 'a responsible city' together. The new political vision asks for a new take on multimodal traffic management that interacts directly with citizens and strengthens green mobility, thereby paving the path for sustainable mobility in daily life in Copenhagen – basically been a Smart City. This paper elaborates on the intelligent traffic solutions that enable sustainable mobility in Copenhagen. This is an edited and updated version of a paper presented at the ITS European Congress with the title: ”Intelligent Traffic Solutions for sustainable urban mobility in Copenhagen”

Bis[N 3-(2-hydroxy­benzo­yl)pyridine-2-carboxamidrazonato-κ3 N 1,N 2,O]manganese(II)

In the title compound, [Mn(C13H11N4O2)2], the Mn atom is coordinated in a distorted octa­hedral manner by pyridyl N atoms, amidrazonato N atoms and carbamoy O atoms from two tridentate N 3-salicyloylpyridine-2-carboxamidrazonato ligands. N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds result in the formation of two chains, one parallel to the b axis and the other one parallel to the c axis. These two chains are cross-linked, building up layers parallel to the (100) plane

Predictors of social media self-control failure: Immediate gratifications, habitual checking, ubiquity and notifications

Social media users often experience the difficulty of controlling their social media use while having important tasks to do. Recent theorizing on self-control and media use proposes four possible factors (immediate gratifications, habitual checking, ubiquity, and notifications) that might cause social media self-control failure (SMSCF). We tested whether these factors indeed predict SMSCF among 590 daily social media users. Results showed that, when people checked social media habitually, or strongly experienced the online ubiquity of social media, or perceived strong disturbances from social media notifications, they were more likely to fail to control their social media use. However, social media-related immediate gratifications did not predict SMSCF. This study empirically identified social media-related factors that might induce social media users' self-control difficulty

"Non-invasive" brain stimulation is not non-invasive

The functions of the healthy brain can be studied in two main ways. Firstly, the changes in the brain's state can be measured using techniques such as EEG or functional MRI. Secondly, the activity of the brain can be disrupted through the use of brain stimulation. The famous experiments of Wilder Penfield and colleagues in the 1950s showed the power of brain stimulation in people whose brain was exposed in surgery, and highlighted the possibility of inducing changes in the brain's state to demonstrate the involvement of specific brain areas in particular functions (Jasper and Penfield, 1954). Two main techniques are available for human brain stimulation: transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial current stimulation (tCS). More recently, it has been suggested that TMS and tCS might be used to enhance brain function, as well as to disrupt activity. These techniques have collectively become known as “non-invasive brain stimulation.” We argue that this term is inappropriate and perhaps oxymoronic, as it obscures both the possibility of side-effects from the stimulation, and the longer-term effects (both adverse and desirable) that may result from brain stimulation. We also argue that the established tendency for the effects of TMS and tCS to spread from the target brain area to neighboring areas is in itself contrary to the definition of non-invasiveness. We argue that the traditional definition of an invasive procedure, one which requires an incision or insertion in the body, should be re-examined, and we propose that it be widened to include targeted transcutaneous interventions

Deafferentation of the superior colliculus abolishes spatial summation of redundant visual signals

Two visual signals appearing simultaneously are detected more rapidly than either signal appearing alone. Part of this redundant target effect (RTE) can be attributed to neural summation that has been proposed to occur in the superior colliculus (SC). We report direct evidence in two neurological patients for neural summation in the SC, and that it is mediated by afferent visual information transmitted through its brachium. The RTE was abolished in one patient with a hemorrhage involving the right posterior thalamus that damaged part of the SC and that disrupted its brachium; and in another patient in whom the SC appeared intact but deafferented due to traumatic avulsion of its brachium. In addition reaction time for unilateral targets in the contralesional field was slowed in both patients, providing the first evidence that visual afferents to the SC contribute to the efficiency of target detection

Semantic priming in the motor cortex: Evidence from combined repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and event-related potential

Reading action verbs is associated with activity in the motor cortices involved in performing the corresponding actions. Here, we present new evidence that the motor cortex is involved in semantic processing of bodily action verbs. In contrast to previous studies, we used a direct, nonbehavioural index of semantic processing after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Participants saw pairs of hand-related (e.g. to grab-to point) or mouth-related (e.g. to speak-to sing) verbs, whereas semantic priming was assessed using event-related potentials. Presentation of the first verb coincided with rTMS over the participant's cortical-left hand area and event-related brain potentials were analysed time-locked to the presentation onset of the second verb. Semantic integration - indexed by the N400 brain potential - was impaired for hand-related but not for mouth-related verb pairs after rTMS. This finding provides strong evidence that the motor cortex is involved in semantic encoding of action verbs, and supports the ‘embodied semantics' hypothesis